Dual‐Mode Afterglow of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halides for Multi‐Dimensional Information Encryption
Organic and organic-inorganic hybrid materials exhibiting room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have attracted growing attention for various time-resolved optoelectronic applications. To date, realizing intrinsically distinct RTP and LPL emissions within a single material system remains elusive, yet it is crucial for unlocking multifunctional applications such as multilevel optical encryption. Here, a Mn<sup>2+</sup>-doped organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide is presented that exhibits bright yellow phosphorescence under UV excitation and a long-lasting red afterglow persisting for over 600 s under X-ray irradiation. These contrasting emission behaviors originate from distinct recombination pathways: triplet exciton emission from the organic ligand governs RTP, while LPL arises from Mn<sup>2+</sup>-centered emission. The latter is enabled by the thermally activated release of charge carriers trapped at radiation-induced defects. This excitation-dependent divergence in luminescence offers temporal and spectral control over optical signals, enabling a multidimensional time-space-energy encoded optical encryption platform. The findings introduce a pathway-engineered strategy for multi-mode phosphorescent materials, paving the way for further materials design for emerging intelligent optoelectronic devices.
Authors
- Jibin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-0950)
- Wei Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-0753)
- Weidong Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-3086)
- Yatao Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-0989)
- Siwei Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-8728)
- Gaoyu Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-9533)
- Mengke Bai
- Zhifeng Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3948)
- Wenqing Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-882X)
- Zhuangzhuang Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2544-9740)
- Meng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-8792)
- Fei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6791-8998)
- Rui Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-1245)
- Gaofeng Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7689)
Institutions
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Henan University (CN)
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Ministry of Energy (IL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Materials
- Published
- 2025-10-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202515658
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.52