Temporomandibular joint reconstruction via computer-assisted surgery simulation

Aim: To evaluate the precision of computer-assisted surgery simulation in mandibular condyle reconstruction using a costochondral graft. Methods: Ten patients (mean age: 14.5 years) with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology and associated pain were included in the study. All patients underwent TMJ reconstruction using costochondral grafts planned through computer-assisted surgical simulation. Preoperative assessment included mouth opening, facial asymmetry, and the differences between planned and actual mandibular positioning. Results: Postoperative mouth opening was significantly improved in all patients, and facial profile modifications were enhanced. The site of the costochondral graft relative to the glenoid fossa was found to be satisfactory in postoperative radiographs, computed tomography images, and quantitative analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that virtual surgical planning combined with 3D-printed guiding templates enhanced treatment planning, provided precise osteotomy guidance, facilitated accurate repositioning of bony segments, and improved the contouring of mandibular anatomy in the management of TMJ deformities (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06811415).