Synthesis and Several Biological Properties of Peripherally Hexyl Benzoate–Substituted Cu ^II , Ni ^II Phthalocyanines

ABSTRACT The present study reports the chemical synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and evaluation of selected biological properties of copper and nickel phthalocyanines bearing hexyl benzoate substituents. The newly synthesized phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In addition to their structural analysis, the antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibiofilm, antimicrobial, microbial viability inhibition, and DNA cleavage activities of the 4HEBCu and 4HEBNi compounds were systematically investigated. 4HEBCu and 4HEBNi exhibited 22.35% and 81.29% antioxidant effects at 25 mg/L, respectively, while their antidiabetic activity was highly effective at 100% and 93.82% at 100 mg/L, respectively. All compounds were found to cause complete cleavage of DNA. 4HEBNi was determined to have superior antimicrobial properties compared with 4HEBCu. The compound 4HEBNi demonstrated the highest activity in inhibiting biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa . In addition, the activity of both compounds in inhibiting biofilm formation also increased after photodynamic therapy. The inhibition of microbial cell viability was 83.97% for 4HEBCu and 98.89% for 4HEBNi against E. coli at 25 mg/L.