Hybrid CSP/PV Solar Systems for Sustainable Power Generation in Brazil: A Techno-Economic Perspective

The hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies offers a viable solution to enhance dispatchability and reduce energy costs in solar power systems. This study analyzes two CSP-PV hybrid configurations—parabolic trough and solar tower—in diverse Brazilian climatic conditions. Particular focus is given to Bom Jesus da Lapa, identified as the most favorable location in terms of solar resource and system performance. The CSP subsystem includes a two-tank direct thermal energy storage system with molten nitrate salts and a 50 MWe gross Rankine cycle. System performance and techno-economic metrics are assessed using the System Advisor Model (SAM). A parametric analysis investigates the impact of solar irradiation, solar multiple (SM), and thermal storage duration on annual energy output and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Results indicate that the hybrid system consistently surpasses standalone PV and CSP in both performance and cost-effectiveness. In the solar tower configuration, capacity factors reach up to 90% with an SM of 3.5 and 12 h of storage. This work provides the first techno-economic assessment of PV/CSP hybrid plants tailored to Brazilian conditions, combining multi-city simulations with solar multiple and storage parametric analysis. Among all evaluated sites, Bom Jesus da Lapa presents the highest energy yield and lowest LCOE, supporting its potential suitability for hybrid CSP-PV deployment.