Key Drivers of Green Logistics: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

The logistics sector contributes significantly to global warming, primarily through Scope 3 emissions. Green logistics practices (GLPs) can mitigate emissions and improve sustainability performance; however, their adoption remains limited due to high upfront costs and organizational barriers. This study aims to identify the driving factors of green logistics (GL) by conducting a systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol. A total of 95 peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2024 are analyzed. The review combines bibliometric and content analysis and develops a conceptual framework to guide future research. Findings reveal two main categories of drivers: (i) internal drivers, most notably top management commitment, which influences strategic direction, resource allocation, and organizational change; and (ii) external drivers, particularly institutional pressures. The study also identifies methodological patterns and theoretical gaps and proposes a theory–methodology–context agenda for future research. Practically, it shows how organizational readiness and supportive public policies can help overcome barriers, facilitate adoption, and promote more sustainable logistics systems.