DE-YOLOv13-S: Research on a Biomimetic Vision-Based Model for Yield Detection of Yunnan Large-Leaf Tea Trees

To address the challenges of variable target scale, complex background, blurred image, and serious occlusion in the yield detection of Yunnan large-leaf tea tree, this study proposes a deep learning network DE-YOLOv13-S that integrates the visual mechanism of primates. DynamicConv was used to optimize the dynamic adjustment process of the effective receptive field and channel the gain of the primate visual system. Efficient Mixed-pooling Channel Attention was introduced to simulate the observation strategy of 'global gain control and selective integration parallel' of the primate visual system. Scale-based Dynamic Loss was used to simulate the foveation mechanism of primates, which significantly improved the positioning accuracy and robustness of Yunnan large-leaf tea tree yield detection. The results show that the Box Loss, Cls Loss, and DFL Loss of the DE-YOLOv13-S network decreased by 18.75%, 3.70%, and 2.54% on the training set, and by 18.48%, 14.29%, and 7.46% on the test set, respectively. Compared with YOLOv13, its parameters and gradients are only increased by 2.06 M, while the computational complexity is reduced by 0.2 G FLOPs, precision, recall, and mAP are increased by 3.78%, 2.04% and 3.35%, respectively. The improved DE-YOLOv13-S network not only provides an efficient and stable yield detection solution for the intelligent management level and high-quality development of tea gardens, but also provides a solid technical support for the deep integration of bionic vision and agricultural remote sensing.