Assessment of Microplastic Exposure in Diabetic Patients Using Insulin

This study investigates the potential role of microplastics in the development of diabetes mellitus and assesses their presence in individuals undergoing insulin therapy. A total of 100 participants were included: 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls. The diabetic group was divided into two subgroups based on their insulin regimen: those receiving one daily injection of basal insulin and those receiving four injections of basal and short-acting insulin. Blood samples were analysed for microplastic content using chromatographic methods (LC/GC-MSMS and LCTOF MS). The findings revealed that diabetic patients had significantly higher serum microplastic levels (3.14 ± 1.30 µg/mL) than healthy individuals (1.50 ± 0.89 µg/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Within the diabetic group, patients receiving four injections had a longer disease duration (15.14 ± 3.64 years) than those receiving one injection (10.56 ± 5.21 years), with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.001). However, microplastic levels did not differ significantly based on injection frequency. A strong positive correlation was observed between microplastic levels and both HbA1c (%) and fasting glucose levels (<i>p</i> = 0.001). These results imply that microplastics may act as endocrine disruptors that contribute to the development of diabetes, rather than being introduced through insulin treatment itself.