Smart Carpooling: A Survey on Research Technologies, and Innovations for Sustainable Urban Mobility Solutions

The transport system is the key element to the economy of any country and requires significant attention in various aspects, like road safety, affordability to the common person, sustainability, fuel consumption, climate, pollution, and many more. Shared mobility is one of the promising solutions that can influence many aspects and is formally known as carpooling. Carpooling is a promising solution for reducing urban transportation energy use, producing less pollution, and a smaller number of vehicles (easy to manage the infrastructure). Thanks to information communication and technology and smart mobile devices that enabled ?smart carpooling? leverage this technology to more efficient, and widespread use. Smart carpooling has strong potential to reduce energy use and environmental impacts from private urban transportation, however, requires critical investigation in various aspects. To effectively implement smart carpooling, it is imperative to delve into the theoretical underpinnings, assess its advantages and disadvantages, draw insights from real-world case studies, and identify the challenges and obstacles associated with its deployment. This review paper aims to assess smart carpooling research areas, uncover new research directions, challenges, and solutions, and provide insights to the research community.