<b>Exploring the Challenges of Integrating Geothermal Energy </b><b>in Sport Spots: A Multi Method Research Design</b>

Recently, the global need for renewable and sustainable energy reservoirs has gained significant momentum. Among the multiple renewable energy options, geothermal energy stands a particularly advantageous and promising option. This research provides useful information to support sustainable development via clean energy use in sports facilities. A mixed-methods is used, including a qualitative section (interview with experts and reviewing the previous papers), and two survey sections to validate the challenges. 23 experts participated in the qualitative section and initial variables were identified. There were 123 participants in survey one, and the data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and there were 137 participants in survey two, and the data were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). to ensure adherence to subject-to-item ratio guidelines (5:1 for EFA, 10:1 for CFA) and statistical power for robust factor analysis. The results identified six main challenges and 18 sub-challenges. It was found that financial aspects pose a key challenge, as the upfront costs of installing geothermal systems can be higher compared to traditional energy sources. Another significant challenge is the scarcity of awareness and comprehension of geothermal technology. Technical complexities, as drilling and heat exchange system design, require specialized knowledge and expertise. Some practical options are presented for establishing geothermal energy use in sport facilities, including (1) financial incentives (e.g., government subsidies, public-private partnerships), (2) awareness campaigns targeting facility managers and policymakers, (3) technical training programs for geothermal system maintenance, and (4) streamlined permitting processes to reduce bureaucratic barriers.