Spectrometric Evaluation of Nano-graphene Oxide and n-Butanol Blended Diesel–Mahua Fuels for Enhanced Combustion Properties

Developing renewable fuel alternatives to fossil fuels improves energy security and reduces supply vulnerabilities in emerging nations. This project aims to convert crude mahua oil into biodiesel using a two-stage base-catalyzed transesterification process. Asymmetric graphene oxide nano-additive and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant were added to 10% n-butanol, and MME20 in the form of nanofluid MME20B10 and MME20B10GO90 were used to compare fuel properties using spectroscopic methods like Thermo gravimetric analysis, Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry,FTIR, Spectrum Analysis ( 1 HNMR), 13 CNMR,CHNS Analysis,.The study explores the potential of MME20 B10 GO90, a biodiesel alternative to conventional diesel, using GC-MS spectrum biodiesel contains unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, such as compound RT-31.8769 - Methyl phosphonic acid. The presence of peak value of carbon-hydroxyl (C-OH) and hydroxyl groups is discernible from absorption patterns at 1380 cm -1 and 3500 cm −1 . Graphene oxide (GNP) structures include a prominent C ≡ C connection, as seen by the absorption at 3131 cm −1 . According to the research, functional groups based on oxygen make up the majority of GO's planar structure.highlighting the potential of MME20 B10 GO90 as a sustainable fuel.The CRDI engine's four-stroke, single-cylinder engine showed that increasing fuel injection pressure reduced CO, HC, and smoke emissions, but increased NOx levels. Higher injection pressures also reduced fuel droplet sizes, enhancing fuel atomization, highlighting the need for improved fuel injection systems.