Modeling of Induction Motor Response to Voltage Sags with Re-Acceleration Analysis

This paper analyzes the behavior of a three-phase induction motor (IM) during voltage sags in the supply network and its subsequent re-acceleration following voltage recovery. A dynamic mathematical model based on the two-axis (d,q) representation of the IM is developed, taking into account variations in supply voltage, electromagnetic torque, and stator currents over time. The model enables a detailed assessment of motor stability and transient behavior when the supply voltage falls below nominal levels. The analysis covers sag depths of 0.9–0.5 UN and interruption durations of 0.14 s and 1.14 s, quantifying stator currents and electromagnetic torque both at the instant of the dip and within the first cycles after recovery. Particular attention is given to identifying the conditions under which the IM may fail to re-accelerate or transition into generator mode, depending on the depth and duration of the voltage sag and the type of mechanical load. The study includes simulations for a 0.75 kW IM under both constant and variable torque conditions, as well as different types and durations of short-circuit faults in the supply system. Results show that sag duration has little effect at sag onset but strongly influences recovery inrush and torque oscillations; shorter interruptions yield lower recovery currents. The findings provide practical insights for the design of more robust power supply infrastructures and the refinement of motor control and protection strategies.