Pediatric mask ventilation in an adult with unconventional anatomy: A case report

Tracheal stenosis develops in patients with a history of prolonged intubation or tracheostomy. Airway management in such a scenario poses different challenges. In this case, we discuss the successful anesthetic management of an adult patient with a long-standing trachea-cutaneous fistula. The patient had a history of tracheostomy, following which she developed a tracheo-cutaneous fistula with tracheal stenosis. This case underscores using a smaller size endotracheal tube as a prejudged choice to secure the definitive airway.