Linking Genetics to Behavior: From Glutamatergic Genetic Variation Via Amygdala Morphology and Fear Recognition to Youths’ Callous-Unemotional Traits and Reactive-Proactive Aggression
Our results suggest that glutamatergic genetic variation 1) is associated with CU traits; 2) is associated with amygdala volume and fear recognition; and 3) is indirectly associated with CU traits through fear recognition. Overall, we provide support for an etiological pathway underlying CU traits encompassing glutaminergic/glutamatergic genetic variation, amygdala volume, and fear recognition and the relevance of using PGSs for glutamate/glutamine blood metabolites.
Authors
- Jeffrey Colm Glennon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-0422)
- I. Hyun Ruisch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-8509)
- Jan K. Buitelaar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757)
- Julia E. Werhahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-1674)
- Tobias Banaschewski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144)
- Arjun Sethi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-4164)
- Daniel Brandeis
- María José Penzol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-9138)
- Pieter J. Hoekstra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-9954)
- Ulrike Schulze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5140)
- Jilly Naaijen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-9043)
- Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Pascal-M. Aggensteiner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-9044)
- Michael Craig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8673)
- Itziar Flamarique (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-6424)
- Renee Kleine Deters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4442)
- Andrea Dietrich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-6136)
Institutions
- University College Dublin (IE)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- King's College London (GB)
- Neurosciences Institute (US)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- University Hospital of Zurich (CH)
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- University Hospital Ulm (DE)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
- Published
- 2025-10-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.012
- Primary Topic
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00