TYPES OF CHANGES IN THE CONDITION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE MAXILLARY SINUSES DURING PROLONGED CONTACT WITH TITANIUM STRUCTURES AND THEIR OUTCOMES

Titanium is widely used in medical practice for the manufacture of implants and other structures, due to its biocompatibility and strength characteristics. However, long-term contact of titanium with body tissues, including the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, can lead to various pathological changes. The study of these changes is an important factor in improving the quality of medical care and preventing complications. The purpose of this article is to study the types of changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses with long-term contact with titanium structures and to evaluate their clinical outcomes. The materials and methods are literary data describing changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses in patients with titanium structures and a review of related clinical cases. The study included an analysis of radiological, endoscopic and histological data to identify the nature of the changes and their consequences. The results of the study revealed various types of changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, including chronic inflammation, hyperplasia, fibrosis and granuloma formation. These changes may be accompanied by clinical symptoms such as chronic sinusitis, nasal congestion and pain in the sinus area. There is a relationship between the duration of contact with titanium structures and the severity of pathological changes. In conclusion, it is stated that long-term contact of titanium with the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses can lead to significant changes that require attention both when planning surgical interventions and during postoperative observation. The results of the study show the need for further research and search for new materials for the production of implants, as well as the development of preventive measures and optimization of treatment of patients with titanium structures.