Modulation of non-Newtonian flow dynamics instigated by nanoparticle radius and interparticle spacing in a cone–disk configuration

Purpose Harnessing nanofluids in the cone–disk model drives advanced cooling systems, heat exchangers and thermal management, transforming aerospace, electronics and automotive sectors. Its rotational dynamics and confined geometry make it ideal for microelectromechanical systems, rotary sensors and compact cooling devices requiring precise heat control. The exceptional thermal conductivity and adjustable flow properties of nanofluids enable superior temperature regulation, particularly in high-speed, confined environments. Design/methodology/approach Numerical solutions to the intricate governing partial differential equations are derived using the MATLAB-based bvp4c algorithm, with equations reduced to ordinary differential form via a similarity transformation. Findings The contribution of key parameters to flow dynamics and thermal performance is comprehensively presented through both graphical and tabular formats. The key findings reveal that smaller nanoparticle radius and larger interparticle spacing enhance the flow behavior. Observations indicate that, in most cases, the Nusselt number on the cone surface surpasses that of the disk. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, no study in literature exists that discusses the ramifications of nanoparticle radius and interparticle spacing on the dynamics of nanofluid flow within a cone–disk apparatus, using MoS2 nanoparticles dispersed in kerosene oil. Additionally, this study explores the fluid’s non-Newtonian rheology, articulated through a tangent hyperbolic model, while accounting for the impact of irregular heat sources and power index on the system’s thermo-fluidic phenomena.