Effects of Structural Parameters on Flow Uniformity in Micro‐Sprinkling Hoses Using Orthogonal Experimental Design

ABSTRACT This study investigated the influence of structural parameters on flow uniformity in micro‐sprinkling hoses, a cost‐effective irrigation tool that aids water conservation. The effectiveness of these hoses depends on the uniformity of the flow rates from their orifices. However, previous research has not adequately addressed how structural parameters affect flow uniformity in individual orifice groups. Five independent parameters were examined via an orthogonal experimental design: the folded diameter ( D N ), orifice diameter ( d ), number of orifices ( n ), angle ( α ) and distance from the edge to the first orifice ( s′ ). Flow uniformity was evaluated by the Christiansen coefficient. The results indicated that pressure has an insignificant effect on flow uniformity. Based on the range analysis and analysis of variance results, the order of significant factors affecting flow uniformity is D N > s′ > d > α > n . The Christiansen coefficient initially increases with D N and then decreases. The other four parameters exhibit a strong nonlinear relationship with the Christiansen coefficient. The optimal structural parameter combination for the best flow distribution is s′ = 2 mm, D N = 50 mm, d = 1.5 mm, n = 11 and α = 60°. These findings offer valuable insights for improving micro‐sprinkling hose design.