Blue urbanism and economy: a strategy for the future of Brunei

Purpose Climate change is likely to recreate a “blue” environment in key areas of Brunei as a consequence of sea level rise and higher rainfall. This paper will present the case for why adopting blue urbanism and economy (BUE) is the logical and most viable strategy for Brunei if it were to achieve its sustainable development objectives. Design/methodology/approach The study employs (1) systems analysis and (2) existing knowledge on Brunei to show why blue urbanism and economy (BUE) is the most appropriate strategy to address climate change. It focuses on critical factors, drawing on lessons learnt from Brunei’s experience with integrated coastal zone management, to examine how the country could benefit from BUE, given the prevailing culture and circumstances, access to regional networks and anticipated environmental changes. Findings Climate change provides opportunity for blue urbanism and economy (BUE) as estuaries and wetlands are expanded and revitalised. However, due to the lack of appropriate supporting structures, a coordinating and enabling agency is critical to successful implementation of BUE. Research institutions play a pivotal role in providing the necessary knowledge support for BUE, including restoring the depleting fishery stock and marine ecosystem. Research limitations/implications The strategy requires adoption of an ecological paradigm, and paradigm shifts are not easily achieved. The paper stresses the importance of involving research institutions to support BUE development. This would require strong political will and funding. Practical implications A BUE will foster the establishment of the necessary institutional structures, partnerships, support services and networks and develops the knowledge base for innovation, advancement and growth, while building climate resilience in the process. Social implications The BUE strategy has significant social implications, turning climate risks into opportunities. It is climate adaption, which builds social and economic resilience. It is also a revitalisation of Brunei's fading heritage when the city of the thalassocracy was built entirely over water and all manner of life were adapted to a semi-aquatic way of life. Originality/value The paper takes a proactive and positive approach to addressing climate change and combines climate study with environmental analysis, systems analysis and historical-heritage study of Brunei to identify a positive, proactive means of climate adaptation that is focussed on urban and economic development to address climate change, achieve sustainable development and conserve heritage.