Engineering Cancer with Next-Generation Genome Editing Tools

Genome editing technologies have given us the ability to manipulate a genome with unprecedented accuracy. In cancer research, these technologies have enabled precise cancer modeling in cells and in vivo and facilitated systematic efforts to identify cancer drivers and dependencies. This review examines the current landscape of genome editing technologies, with an emphasis on next-generation methods to engineer complex nucleotide and chromosomal alterations. We highlight key examples that illustrate how these technologies have provided fundamental insights into this disease, and we discuss new approaches that integrate genome editing with multiomic methods. Finally, we discuss recent efforts to translate these technologies into the clinic.