Recent Developments in the Biological Consequences of Certain Chalcone Derivatives

Abstract Chalcones include many naturally occurring and synthetic compounds which have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their diverse biological activities. Their basic structures are comprised of two aromatic rings connected by an α,β ‐unsaturated carbonyl system, which underpins some of their versatile pharmacological potential. Demonstrating robust antioxidant properties due to their phenolic groups, chalcones effectively scavenge free radicals, showing promise in combating oxidative stress‐related ailments. Additionally, their anti‐inflammatory effects modulate various pathways, highlighting their potential in treating inflammatory conditions. Chalcones also display antimicrobial activities against a range of pathogens and exhibit promising anticancer properties by impeding tumor proliferation and prompting apoptosis. Furthermore, their role as enzyme inhibitors extends to various targets, broadening their therapeutic potential. Despite these promising attributes, challenges related to limited bioavailability and metabolic stability necessitate ongoing research to optimize their efficacy. This review, which encompasses literature from 2010–2025, provides insights into biological applications and affords ideas for designing new chalcone‐based molecules.