FORMATION AND SPECIFICS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF PERSONNEL FOR THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA: HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the historical, pedagogical and analytical study of the system of professional training of personnel for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author considers the evolution of this system from its inception in the pre-revolutionary period to modern reforms, highlighting the key stages: pre-revolutionary (18th-19th centuries), Soviet (1917-1991) and post-Soviet (since 1991). Particular attention is paid to departmental specifics, regulatory framework and moral and psychological support of employees. The methodological basis of the study is the historical, pedagogical and systemic approaches, an analysis of regulatory documents and a comparative analysis of educational models are carried out. The author identifies the key problems of the modern training system: departmental isolation, insufficient integration with civilian universities and inflexibility of programs in the face of new threats that have recently emerged in connection with the development of the information society. The proposed solution is network integration, including the development of joint programs with civil universities, the introduction of digital technologies and modules on cybersecurity, and the strengthening of moral and psychological support for students of departmental institutions through psychological training and burnout prevention. An important conclusion is the need to transform the training system with an emphasis on interdepartmental interaction, adaptability and practice-orientedness. The role of regulatory legal acts that systematize moral and psychological support as a strategic element of personnel policy is separately emphasized. The author's recommendations are aimed at overcoming institutional barriers and forming a sustainable professional identity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs employees. Conclusions are made on the need to transform the professional training system taking into account modern security challenges.