Essential Oils as an Antifungal Alternative to Control Several Species of Fungi Isolated from Musa paradisiaca: Part II

Essential oils (EOs) from oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare</i>), rosemary (<i>Salvia rosmarinus</i>), clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>), thyme (<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>), cinnamon (<i>Cinnamomum verum</i>), and basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>) possess antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate their ability to inhibit the growth of fungi isolated from the rot of banana peel (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) to control or reduce fungal growth in bananas. The methodology involved preparing dilutions of EOs and inoculating them onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium amended with chloramphenicol to prevent bacterial contamination. Fungal species, including <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., were isolated, purified, and characterized macroscopically and microscopically. Their growth was assessed ex vivo and the inhibition percentage was measured in vitro. The ex vivo analysis revealed that the severity of fungal infection, ranked from highest to lowest, was as follows: <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp., and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. The results showed that rosemary and basil oils did not inhibit fungal growth, whereas clove oil, cinnamon, and oregano were effective against the four tested fungi at 800, 400, and 200 ppm, respectively. These findings suggest that certain EOs, including clove, cinnamon, and oregano, have strong antifungal potential and could serve as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides in banana postharvest disease management.