The management of safety and health hazards associated with metal fabrication in Zimbabwe: a systematic review

In Zimbabwe, metal fabrication is an important industrial sector that makes a substantial contribution to employment and the country’s economy. However, it is inherently linked to a number of health and safety risks, such as exposure to dust, fumes, radiation, noise, and physical harm. Despite the risks that have been identified, little is known about the precise dangers, how to manage them, and how well the current interventions are working in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify gaps in the knowledge of Zimbabwe’s metal fabrication safety and health hazards and to provide guidance for future research and policy development. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the use of a systematic review methodology. Literature was searched from various electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using keywords like risk management, hazards, occupational safety, occupational health and metal fabrication. Few studies specifically addressing metal fabrication safety in Zimbabwe were found during the review. Noise-induced hearing loss, eye injuries, burns, musculoskeletal disorders from heavy lifting and repetitive tasks, and respiratory problems from welding fumes and metal dust were among the frequently reported risks by the review. Personal protective equipment/cloth was often provided as part of management strategies, but compliance and appropriate use were commonly mentioned as obstacles. There were also reports of safety procedure training, although its efficacy varied. Enforcement and regulatory supervision were found to be areas in need of considerable improvement in Zimbabwe. The information that is available indicates that there are serious risks to the occupational safety and health of metal fabrication workers in Zimbabwe. Although there are some management strategies in place, they are frequently not implemented or effective enough.