Aerodynamic enhancement of semi-trailer trucks: a CFD-based study for fuel optimization

Abstract Semi-trailer trucks are the backbone of any freight system throughout the world, as a major chunk of cargo is transported through them. These trucks transport high volumes of cargo, usually travelling at close to motorway speeds. Consequently, most energy consumed by these trucks is used to overcome the aerodynamic drag force. Therefore, it is important to minimize the drag force for enhancement in fuel consumption. In this study a traditional benchmark semi-trailer truck is compared to a novel modified geometry having a plate with side skirts to shield bluff bodies using a numerical simulation. Results show that there is a 7.71% reduction in fuel consumption compared to the benchmark case of the proposed modified semi-trailer truck. Furthermore, the addition of this novel plate removes the exposure of blunt bodies on the underside of the semi-trailer truck, particularly the axle, differential and suspension components, to the oncoming air, considerably reducing the drag force. A reduction in this drag force will directly result in improved energy consumption of the truck. Eventually, this will result in lower harmful gas emissions and reduced transportation costs of goods. The implications of this research could be extended to different truck variants beneficial for researchers, transporters and policymakers.