Deconstructing urban decay: challenges and opportunities for sustainable Nigerian cities

Urban decay represents a multifaceted and persistent issue affecting cities globally, characterised by the gradual breakdown of physical infrastructure, social networks, and economic viability. This study conducts a systematic literature review to synthesise and thematically analyse existing research on urban decay in Nigeria, aiming to generate an integrated understanding of the phenomenon and highlight evidence-based pathways toward sustainable urban renewal. The review identifies key causes, manifestations, research trends, methodologies, and interventions related to urban decay in Nigerian cities. It explores the primary drivers of decay, including rapid urbanisation, poor urban planning, economic instability, housing crises, deindustrialisation, infrastructure neglect, environmental challenges, social inequalities, political instability, and cultural neglect. The study emphasises the need for comprehensive interventions encompassing physical renewal, social and economic revitalisation, inclusive planning, community engagement, and equitable service delivery. By addressing these objectives, the review aims to inform urban policy, planning, and practice in Nigeria, supporting the development of resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban environments in line with national priorities and global frameworks such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals.