Experimental and Computational Study on Mechanical Behavior of Precast Members with Grouted Splice Sleeve Connectors under Sequential Compressive and Lateral Loads

Given the popularization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC), the utilization of splice sleeve connections has been researched to determine their performance using a variety of connection details and in various loading scenarios. However, fundamental research on the load distribution and load transfer mechanism within the sleeve region under the combination of compressive and lateral loads for these connections is limited. A few studies have examined the behavior of the coupler (i.e. coupler, rebar, and grout); however, to date, no study can be found that assessed the connections in sequence with the encasing concrete or that attempted to detail the load paths for the composite member. This study investigates the material load-bearing percentages and forces’ transmission distribution of grouted splice sleeve (GSS) connections encased in a normal-strength Portland cement concrete mixture, focusing primarily on the linear elastic stage. Two groups of precast concrete specimens with GSS connectors at different locations are tested given sequential compressive and lateral loads to obtain strain-time history at five critical regions on the rebars and GSSs. The load distribution percentages for each component are compared with the theoretical predictions. The mechanics of load transfer given compressive and lateral loads are analyzed. Finally, Finite element (FE) models are validated against experimental data, followed by modeling a more complex precast pier system to confirm strain distribution consistency. This study finds that load distribution is not uniform based on stiffness; load concentration occurs at both ends of the coupler. GSS in the footing exhibits better performance in resisting lateral loads than does GSS in the column. Load transfer mechanics are explained through three main load paths, and force transfer principles in the GSS region are further detailed. This research offers novel and in-depth insights into the theoretical research on the mechanism of precast concrete construction utilizing a GSS system.