Development of Microparticles Based on Natural and Synthetic Pectin for the Encapsulation of Salicylic Acid in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Acne is the leading cause of consultations for facial skin conditions. The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize pectin-based microparticles for the encapsulation of Salicylic Acid (SA), a keratolytic agent widely used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Two types of pectin were evaluated: a natural pectin extracted from mango peel (<i>Mangifera indica</i>, « Amélie » variety), and a synthetic pectin. Ionotropic gelation was selected for its accessibility and its avoidance of organic solvents. Several formulations were tested by varying the pectin concentration (2% and 3%), the presence or absence of calcium chloride (0.2%), and the type of solvent (water or citrate buffer at pH 5). The microparticles were evaluated using macroscopic, microscopic, and granulometric analyses, as well as through the determination of encapsulation efficiency and yield. The results showed that synthetic pectin allowed the formation of smaller, more regular microparticles with a higher encapsulation efficiency (17.72%) compared to natural pectin (6.08%). Nevertheless, the latter demonstrated interesting potential despite morphological limitations. Both types of pectin showed acceptable encapsulation yields (> 78%). These results suggest that pectin-based microparticles are a promising option for a local delivery system of salicylic acid. Further optimizations, especially concerning the drying process and excipient ratios, could improve the performance of the formulations.