Ternary magnetic nanofluid heat transfer analysis inside a closed chamber with thermal radiation

Purpose This study aims to numerically investigate the two-dimensional flow and thermal behavior of a thermally radiative ternary hybrid nanoliquid within a closed cavity, incorporating the effects of internal heat generation and magnetic influence. The working fluid consists of a ternary hybrid nanoliquid composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes, silver (Ag), alumina (Al2O3) and water (H2O). Design/methodology/approach To simplify the governing equations, a similarity transformation is applied, and the resulting equations are solved using the finite element method. The impact of key parameters – namely, the radiation parameter (R), Rayleigh number (Ra), magnetic parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr) and the volume fractions of the all three nanoparticles (ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3) on the velocity field and temperature distribution is presented through graphical illustrations. Findings This study concludes that increasing the volume fractions of the three nanoparticles enhances the temperature distribution within the cavity. In addition, a rise in the magnetic parameter (M) facilitates greater heat transfer from the hot wall to the cold wall. Originality/value It is concluded from this research paper that ternary nanoliquids has higher rates of heat transport capabilities than the hybrid nanoliquids under specific conditions.