Ultrastructural and immunobiological responses of human periodontal ligament stem cells to novel tricalcium silicate sealers

This study demonstrates that all the bioceramic sealers investigated exhibit adequate cytocompatibility. NS Flo and NS EZ Flo demonstrate a strong ability to induce differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteogenic and cementogenic phenotypes. NS Flo significantly supports extracellular matrix mineralization. However, TFbc had a less substantial impact on these processes than the sealers. The effect was comparable during the first three days but decreased thereafter. In addition, the calcium silicate-containing sealers investigated exhibited relevant anti-inflammatory effects, offering potential therapeutic benefits in the field of regenerative endodontics.