Sacrococcygeal teratoma

<h2>Abstract</h2> Sacrococcygeal teratoma in the neonate (SCT) is the most common congenital tumour, and arises from totipotent germ cells in the sacrococcygeal region. It usually presents antenatally but can present postnatally when antenatal scanning is not present. Anatomical classification as determined by imaging, dictates the surgical approach. Most SCTs are benign, and complete surgical removal (with coccygectomy) can lead to a normal, healthy life for the child, with a low risk of recurrence. However, regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for any signs of recurrence. Serum α-feto protein (α-FP) is a sensitive marker of complete excision and a tumour marker for recurrence or malignancy. Late diagnosis is associated with a high risk of malignancy. Malignant SCTs are typically germ cell tumours, such as embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, or yolk sac tumour. Management of malignant SCTs involves chemotherapy, often in combination with surgery and radiation therapy in older children. Long-term follow-up is required for surveillance and detection and management of complications like neurogenic bladder dysfunction and faecal incontinence or constipation. A multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient care is required.