Prevalence and Use of Cannabis Among Male Smokers in Zawia City, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Cannabis is widely used globally, yet data on its prevalence among male smokers in Libya are scarce. Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns of use, and accessibility of cannabis among male smokers in Zawia, Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 100 male smokers was conducted using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, smoking behaviours, and cannabis (hashish) use. Adjusted prevalence estimates were calculated to account for potential underreporting. Results: Self-reported cannabis use was 25% for past use and 3% for current use. After adjustment, estimated prevalence rose to 35–45% for past use and 18–24% for current use. High availability was reported, with 97% of participants noting abundant tobacco shops, 95% cannabis sales points, and 73% reporting easy access. No significant associations were found between cannabis use and demographic or behavioral factors. Conclusion: Cannabis experimentation is common among male smokers in Zawia, with estimated prevalence higher than self-reported rates. High availability may facilitate use. These findings highlight the urgent need for public health interventions, awareness programs, and policies to reduce cannabis use and its related risks in Libya.