Application of resource-based view theory in enhancing rice agricultural supply chain sustainability in Northern Ghana

The rice agricultural supply chain in Northern Ghana plays a vital role in national food security but faces systemic challenges, including high postharvest losses, inadequate infrastructure, and limited mechanisation. This study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory to identify resource-based strategies that may enhance supply chain sustainability and competitiveness. Using a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) with 16 farmers and in-depth interviews with 8 farmers, 4 agricultural officers, and 4 representatives from the Northern Ghana Rice Farmers Association in the Savelugu and Tolon districts. A total of 269 farmers were surveyed to provide contextual background. Thematic analysis revealed that tangible, human, and organisational resources appear to drive supply chain performance, though their effectiveness varies significantly across different contexts. The study contributes to RBV theory by applying it to a smallholder-dominated agricultural context and offers practical recommendations for agribusinesses, farmers, and policymakers, including infrastructure upgrades, cooperative strengthening, and improved input access. The findings suggest potential pathways for enhancing sustainability, though implementation challenges remain significant. Future research should explore economic and governance moderators and apply the methodology to other tropical supply chains.