Barriers to Family and Domestic Violence Support for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women in Australia: A Systematic Review

Abstract Purpose This systematic review investigated barriers culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian women encountered when seeking support for family and domestic violence (FDV). Despite CALD women’s heightened vulnerability to FDV due to factors like immigration status, language barriers, and limited social networks, research suggests persistent, multifaceted obstacles to help-seeking. Methods A systematic review of both qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted for articles published in peer-reviewed literature and grey literature. Databases searched included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying inclusion criteria centered on Australia, FDV, CALD women, and access to support services for studies in the last 10 years. This review explored cultural and structural barriers, such as fear of stigma, lack of culturally competent services, and precarious visa conditions hindering access to critical services. Results Findings emphasized that CALD women often face three overarching barriers; pressure to uphold family unity: endure abuse due to cultural norms: and confront challenges in navigating Australia’s legal and support systems with language proficiency compounding all factors. It also highlighted the increased use of technology related abuse. Some studies highlighted the intersectionality of these issues, where multiple barriers compounded the difficulties faced by CALD women. Conclusion This review underscores the need for culturally responsive interventions, accessible information on legal rights, and trauma-informed support for CALD women. Addressing these barriers through nuanced, culturally tailored policies and services could enhance support access, ultimately improving safety and support outcomes for CALD women experiencing FDV in Australia.