Magnetohydrodynamic flow and convective heat transfer of hybrid ferrofluid towards stagnation point on horizontal flat plate

Ferrofluid is broadly used for dissipating heat for devices and equipment with an applied magnetic field. However, the conventional ferrofluid needs to be improved to achieve higher thermal conductivity, better heat dissipation and improved stability. Therefore, this study examines the hybrid ferrofluid flow and convective heat transfer at the stagnation point on a horizontal flat plate in the presence of a magnetic field and thermal radiation. A hybrid ferrofluid is composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) ferroparticles and copper (Cu) nanoparticles in water base fluid employed in this investigation. The interaction between the hybrid ferrofluid flow and the heated surface is measured using the modified boundary layer mathematical model. These equations are simplified using the similarity transformation, then solved numerically by the Keller-box method, which is implemented in MATLAB software. The influence of particle volume fraction, magnetic parameter and thermal radiation parameter on the flow field is studied. The results of the velocity profile, temperature profile and Nusselt number for the hybrid ferrofluid are compared with conventional ferrofluid to discover the hybrid ferrofluid's performance. It is found that a reduced Nusselt number rate for the hybrid ferrofluid increases compared to the conventional ferrofluid between 2.01% and 2.34%. Consequently, the hybrid ferrofluid has better thermomagnetic convection properties than conventional ferrofluid, which is probably suitable for use in various electronic devices or equipments.