Clinical diagnosis and treatment of transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia: a retrospective study based on 40 cases

TDIH is rare and prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. CT scanning is a crucial diagnostic means. Surgery is the main treatment method. Postoperative management is important. Risk factor analysis identified obesity (aHR 2.05, 95% CI 1.18-3.56) and large defect size (>5 cm; aHR 2.41, 95% CI 1.39-4.18) as independent risk factors for postoperative adverse events. In the future, more accurate diagnostic methods and individualized treatment regimens need to be explored to improve the prognosis.