Economic Benefit of a Photovoltaic System and Impact of a Battery Using Real Data from a Swedish House

The economic benefit of a 12.8 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system was calculated using real consumption and electricity generation data for a typical modern single-family house in Sweden for the six years between 2019 and 2024. Electricity trade prices were based on the local spot market plus taxes and fees. The effect of a tax reduction on exported electrical energy was evaluated. The economic benefit was simulated for the case of a virtual AC-coupled battery added to the house using a charging strategy to maximize the self-consumption of the house. Additionally, the economic benefit was simulated for a range of different yearly consumptions and PV system sizes. The calculation shows that the PV system alone can be economically beneficial, while adding a battery with typical investment prices from 2025 does not pay off if it is only used to increase the self-consumption rate.