Efficacy of traditional medicine in the management of sickle cell disease: a scoping review of current evidence

Of the 27 selected studies, 11 were <i>in vitro</i>, four <i>in vivo</i>, six clinical trials, and six qualitative surveys. Several medicinal plants demonstrated promising anti-sickling, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Formulations such as Niprisan^®, Ciklavit^®, and T-AYU-HM™ Premium showed potential in reducing vaso-occlusive crises and improving hematological parameters. However, limitations include variability in herbal formulations, lack of standardization, and inadequate RCTs. While preliminary findings are promising, further well-designed RCTs are needed to establish the efficacy of TM in SCD. Integrating evidence-based TM with CM options could provide a holistic and patient-centered strategy for SCD.