Progress in the processing of muscovite and its consequent applications in nanocomposites

Muscovite, as a type of phyllosilicate, is difficult to modify and exfoliate directly like other layered materials, such as montmorillonite, due to its particular structural characteristics. However, the unique properties of muscovite—particularly its high aspect ratio and ultraviolet shielding ability—have attracted researchers worldwide to explore processing methods for developing various muscovite-based nanocomposites. This review offers a detailed summary of recent progresses in modification, intercalation, and exfoliation of muscovite. The article also reviews the diverse applications of muscovite-based nanocomposites in both traditional and emerging fields. Finally, perspectives and key research directions—such as controllable synthesis of muscovite with tailored structures or properties, and the scalable production of muscovite-based nanocomposites—are proposed, highlighting the critical importance of simple and environmentally friendly methods for functionalizing muscovite.