The relationship between facets of depression-related stigma and domains of psychosocial functioning

Purpose Depression can lead to significant decline in individuals’ psychosocial functioning. Depression is also a stigmatized condition, both in terms of stigma perceived from society as well as internalized stigma. This study aims to understand the association of facets of depression-related stigma with domains of functioning among individuals with symptoms of depression and to determine cultural influences on these associations. Design/methodology/approach Participants (n = 314) from two broad cultural groups (Latin America; n = 185; Western English-speaking countries, n = 129) screening positive for a current Major Depressive Episode completed an online survey. Level of depression, as well as other variables likely to affect stigma and/or functioning, were controlled in all analyses. Findings Total stigma was inversely related to self-care (p = 0.001) and social functioning (p = 0.008), but not to productivity (p = 0.116). Regarding specific facets of stigma, self-stigma was inversely related to self-care (p = 0.002), social functioning (p < .001), and productivity (p = 0.019); secrecy was inversely related to self-care (p = 0.008); and stigmatizing experiences was inversely related to self-care (p < 0.001) and social functioning (p = 0.003). Culture did not moderate any relationships between facets of stigma and domains of functioning. Originality/value This paper adds to research on deleterious effects of mental health stigma. Findings suggest that some facets of stigma, such as internalized self-stigma, may affect functioning overall, whereas other components of stigma may only affect specific domains of functioning. The findings may inform both clinical approach to mental illness and anti-stigma campaigns, to improve the lives of individuals struggling with mental illness.