Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Anisotes Trisulcus: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti‐Proliferative Activities

Abstract This study presents the first comprehensive report on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Anisotes trisulcus ( A. trisulcus ) leaf extract, a medicinal plant previously unexplored for nanomaterial production. Unlike conventional chemical or plant‐based methods, A. trisulcus offers a distinctive phytochemical profile that enhances the stability and bioactivity of the nanoparticles, setting this approach apart from existing literature. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited a strong surface plasmon resonance at 435 nm, with an average size of 70.89 ± 0.56 nm and a predominantly spherical morphology confirmed by electron microscopy. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis identified silver as the primary element, while FTIR spectra revealed functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization. X‐ray diffraction confirmed a face‐centered cubic crystalline structure. Biological evaluations demonstrated notable multifunctionality, with the AgNPs exhibiting potent antioxidant activity (IC 50 : 25.35 µg/mL for DPPH; 29.79 µg/mL for ABTS), outperforming several previously reported plant‐derived AgNPs. Antimicrobial assays showed strong, dose‐dependent inhibition of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (MIC: 6.25 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL), while cytotoxicity testing revealed selective, time‐dependent suppression of A549 lung carcinoma cells (IC 50 : 107.9 µg/mL at 24 h). By introducing an underutilized medicinal plant and demonstrating enhanced physicochemical and biofunctional properties, this work advances eco‐friendly nanotechnology. It highlights the potential of A. trisulcus ‐mediated AgNPs as promising antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents.