Biosynthesis of Semiconductor Nanoparticles Mediated by Plant Extracts and Their Photocatalytic Applications

Abstract The green synthesis route for preparing semiconductor nanoparticles (SNs) has garnered significant attention in recent years. In stark contrast to conventional synthesis methods, this biological approach utilizes natural compounds as capping, stabilizing, and reducing agents. There are several advantages, including the use of non‐hazardous substances, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, energy efficiency, and environmentally friendly techniques overall. Among the various biological methods, plant extracts have been the most extensively studied for synthesizing SNs via the reduction of metal ions, presenting an economical and highly viable alternative for large‐scale production. In this context, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the biosynthesis of SNs using plant extracts and their photocatalytic applications in environmental processes over the last decade.