End-of-Life Care Experiences of Early-Career Intensive Care Unit Nurses : A Qualitative Study

Purpose : This study aims to explore the lived experiences of early-career intensive care unit (ICU) nurses providing end-of-life care. Methods : A qualitative study was conducted using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 ICU nurses who had fewer than three years of clinical experience and had cared for end-of-life patients. Data analysis involved extracting significant statements, formulating meanings, and organizing them into themes and clusters. Results : Analysis revealed four theme clusters and 11 themes: (1) encountering the boundary between life and death for the first time, (2) facing the reality of restricted care, (3) establishing identity through gratitude and recognition, and (4) internalizing end-of-life care through experience. Initially, participants experienced fear and sadness when confronting death; however, over time, they adapted to repeated losses and emotional challenges. Expressions of gratitude and recognition from patients and their families reinforced participants’ professional identities. Through these experiences, participants developed a deeper understanding of dignity, the value of life, and a balance between professionalism and compassion in end-of-life care. Conclusion : This study provides an in-depth understanding of the emotional experiences and developmental processes of early-career ICU nurses caring for end-of-life patients. These findings may inform to the development of tailored educational programs and supportive interventions designed to enhance ICU nurses’ end-of-life care competencies.