Challenges in Developing a Sustainable Biobank Network in Latin America: Integrating FAIR Principles into Political, Technical, Ethical, and Regulatory Perspectives from a Qualitative Exploratory Study (2022–2023)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Biobanks and sample collections are critical resources for advancing biomedical research and public health. However, in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), challenges related to infrastructure, governance, and regulatory frameworks hinder the development of sustainable and collaborative biobanking networks. The adoption of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles is increasingly recognized as a key strategy to enhance the long-term sustainability and scientific impact of these networks. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study explored the political, technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges of establishing a sustainable regional biobank network in LAC, with particular attention to the integration of FAIR principles. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A qualitative-exploratory study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 14 representatives of biobanks and sample collections from seven LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Chile, and Puerto Rico). Thematic analysis was applied to identify key challenges and opportunities. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Participants' perceptions revealed significant barriers, such as insufficient infrastructure, lack of standardized biobank management systems, regulatory barriers, and limited inter-institutional collaboration. While the interview guide did not explicitly focus on the FAIR principles, many of the issues raised, such as the need for data standardization, interoperable systems, and improved data accessibility, were aligned with FAIR principles. Participants also emphasized the importance of international cooperation to expand technical expertise, ensure ethical oversight, and improve financial sustainability. Key ethical concerns included inconsistencies in informed consent practices, data privacy regulations, and community engagement in biobank-related decision-making. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Addressing these barriers requires harmonized policies, investment in biobanking infrastructure, and long-term sustainability strategies. Strengthening capacity-building programs and integrating the FAIR principles can support the development of robust, collaborative biobank networks, enhancing equitable access to biospecimens and maximizing their value for biomedical research and public health in LAC.