Alveolar antral artery to alveolar crest distance: an anatomical study using cone beam computed tomography acquisitions in a Moroccan subpopulation

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the distance between the Alveolar-Antral Artery (AAA) and the alveolar ridge using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to enhance surgical safety during maxillary sinus procedures. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study analyzing 100 maxillary sinuses from CBCT scans was conducted at the Dental Consultation and Treatment Center of the IBN ROCHD University Hospital in Casablanca. The distances from the AAA to the alveolar crest were measured at three anatomical landmarks: the distal end of the second molar (M2), the first molar (M1), and the second premolar (PM2). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 to determine differences based on dentition status and gender. Results: The average distances measured were 15.12 mm ± 3.47 at M1, 16.54 mm ± 3.58 at PM2, and 16.69 mm ± 3.42 at M2. A significant difference in distance was found between dentate and edentulous patients, with dentate individuals showing greater distances. Conclusion: A thorough understanding of the AAA's position relative to the alveolar ridge is crucial for minimizing surgical risks during posterior maxillary interventions. Pre-surgical evaluations using CBCT are essential for accurate assessments.