Multimodal analytical approach applied to whisky labels for authenticity determination

Alcohol counterfeiting presents a significant global challenge, posing serious health risks and economic losses. Whisky, a leading UK commodity export, is a common target for counterfeiting due to its high value and global demand. Counterfeit detection of this and similar products most often involves analysis of the liquid content, which requires opening of the products. This study explores a multimodal analytical workflow for whisky label authentication, integrating Raman spectroscopy, desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI MSI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI MSI). Raman spectroscopy provides a rapid, non-invasive method that can be used as initial testing. The subsequent application of DESI MSI and MALDI MSI in sequence maximises the chemical intelligence obtained from the labels and strengthens confidence in counterfeit identification, with additional potential presented for quality control (QC) in label printing and design. • Multimodal analytical workflow authenticates whisky labels without opening bottles. • Raman spectroscopy enables rapid, non-destructive initial counterfeit screening. • DESI and MALDI MSI determine molecular markers unique to counterfeits or genuine exhibits. • MS imaging can enable visualisation of additional label features, such as protective coatings.