Impact of cervical lymph node dissection on accessory spinal nerve XI function: Case series and literature review

Cervical lymph node dissection frequently causes damage to the accessory spinal nerve in the form of axonotmesis. Despite gradual clinical improvement (recovery of joint range of motion, reduction in muscle atrophy), electrophysiological abnormalities persist at 6 months, reflecting a prolonged recovery process requiring 12 to 18 months. Individual anatomical variations justify personalized management. This study highlights the importance of prolonged follow-up and appropriate preventive strategies to optimize functional recovery after dissection.