Simplified calculation of transmission tower foundation–soil interaction in seasonally frozen regions

Transmission tower foundation–soil interaction analysis in seasonally frozen regions involves boundary condition constraints, coefficient determination challenges, and complex parameter calibration, which hinder rapid disaster-prevention foundation design guidance. This study presents a simplified analysis method capable of describing material–geometric nonlinearity at the foundation–soil interface in frozen and unfrozen regions. This method solves the resulting nonlinear differential equations using Newton's iterative approach. Validation through laboratory units and field tests confirms the method's reliability. The results indicate that the simplified approach enables efficient quantitative analysis of key mechanical responses—frost heaving force, uplift forces, and displacements—while enhancing boundary condition simulation accuracy and computational efficiency. It effectively characterizes the multifield coupling mechanism governing the interaction between transmission tower foundations and frozen soil in seasonally frozen regions. Overall, this study provides theoretical–computational support and a design optimization basis to enhance frost damage prevention in engineering structures. The figure shows that the simplified approach enables efficient quantitative analysis of key mechanical responses—frost heaving force, uplift forces, and displacements—while enhancing boundary condition simulation accuracy and computational efficiency. It effectively characterizes the multifield coupling mechanism governing the interaction between transmission tower foundations and frozen soil in seasonally frozen regions. Overall, this study provides theoretical–computational support and a design optimization basis to enhance frost damage prevention in engineering structures.