Activity Systems Modelling as a Complex Systemic Approach to Develop Learning Partnerships Between Community Initiatives and Municipal Governments

ABSTRACT The paper explores activity systems modelling (ASM) as a complex systemic approach to fostering learning partnerships between community initiatives and municipal governments. It highlights the increasing role of community‐led initiatives in cocreating public value and the challenges of collaboration due to differing perspectives on governance, responsibility and public value. Drawing on Wright's (1999) interpretation of soft systems methodology (SSM), the study applies ASM—a contextualized adaptation of SSM—to foster structured dialogue and systemic reflection. A case study in Arnhem demonstrates how structured workshops helped align goals, overcome bureaucratic inertia and improve collaborative governance. The findings suggest that shared vocabulary development and boundary critiques are crucial for sustaining systemic change. However, institutional challenges, power dynamics and leadership transitions can hinder long‐term success. The study concludes that ASM enhances adaptive governance, but its effectiveness depends on structured facilitation, stakeholder commitment and institutional embedding.