Design of a Bandgap Reference Circuit for MEMS Integrated Accelerometers

To meet the requirements of integrated accelerometers for a high-precision reference voltage under wide supply voltage range, high current drive capability, and low power consumption, this paper presents a bandgap reference operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit implemented in CMOS/BiCMOS technology. The proposed design employs a folded-cascode input stage, a push-pull Class-AB output stage, an adaptive output switching mechanism, and a composite frequency compensation scheme. In addition, overcurrent protection and low-frequency noise suppression techniques are incorporated to balance low static power consumption with high load-driving capability. Simulation results show that, under the typical process corner (TT), with VDD = 3 V and T = 25 °C, the op-amp achieves an output swing of 0.2 V~2.8 V, a low-frequency gain of 102~118 dB, a PSRR of 90 dB at 60 Hz, overcurrent protection of ±25 mA, and a phase margin exceeding 48.8° with a 10 μF capacitive load. Across the entire supply voltage range, the static current remains below 150 μA, while maintaining a line regulation better than 150 μV/V and a load regulation better than 150 μV/mA. These results verify the feasibility of achieving both high drive capability and high stability under stringent power constraints, making the proposed design well-suited as a bandgap reference buffer stage for integrated accelerometers, with strong engineering practicality and potential for broad application.

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Publication Details

Journal
Micromachines
Published
2025-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111225
Primary Topic
Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Design of a Bandgap Reference Circuit for MEMS Integrated Accelerometers

Xiangyu Li, Shanshan Wang, Qiang Fu, Yihang Wang et al.
Micromachines
Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
article

Design of a Bandgap Reference Circuit for MEMS Integrated Accelerometers

Xiangyu Li, Shanshan Wang, Qiang Fu, Yihang Wang, Pengjun Wang, Wenbo Zhang
article en

Abstract

To meet the requirements of integrated accelerometers for a high-precision reference voltage under wide supply voltage range, high current drive capability, and low power consumption, this paper presents a bandgap reference operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit implemented in CMOS/BiCMOS technology. The proposed design employs a folded-cascode input stage, a push-pull Class-AB output stage, an adaptive output switching mechanism, and a composite frequency compensation scheme. In addition, overcurrent protection and low-frequency noise suppression techniques are incorporated to balance low static power consumption with high load-driving capability. Simulation results show that, under the typical process corner (TT), with VDD = 3 V and T = 25 °C, the op-amp achieves an output swing of 0.2 V~2.8 V, a low-frequency gain of 102~118 dB, a PSRR of 90 dB at 60 Hz, overcurrent protection of ±25 mA, and a phase margin exceeding 48.8° with a 10 μF capacitive load. Across the entire supply voltage range, the static current remains below 150 μA, while maintaining a line regulation better than 150 μV/V and a load regulation better than 150 μV/mA. These results verify the feasibility of achieving both high drive capability and high stability under stringent power constraints, making the proposed design well-suited as a bandgap reference buffer stage for integrated accelerometers, with strong engineering practicality and potential for broad application.

MicromachinesVol. 16(11)
Ningbo University (CN), University of Nottingham Ningbo China (CN), Wenzhou University (CN), Harbin Institute of Technology (CN), Beijing Jingshida Electromechanical Equipment Research Institute (CN), Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo
Openalex Percentile: Top 69%
Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
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