Scouting in English male professional football academies: Practices and perceptions between full-time, part-time, and volunteer scouts

The study aimed to explore the practices and perceptions of full-time, part-time, and volunteer scouts in English male professional football academies, examining current methods used to recognise talented players based on scouting roles, and offering recommendations to enhance the scouting processes. Academy scouts (n = 71) completed an online survey, including topics such as scouting processes, work quality, motivation, professional development, and suggestions for improving scouting processes. The survey was distributed via social media platforms and snowball sampling methods to relevant football scouts working in Category One, Two, and Three male academies in England. Four key findings emerged: (1) inconsistent terminology in practices, with full-time and part-time scouts more likely to use structured language; (2) recognition of bias in scouting decisions, particularly among full-time and part-time scouts; (3) varying access to training, with full-time scouts receiving more professional development although all role types desired feedback and education; and (4) a need for specialisation and future skill development, including age- and role-specific expertise. The study highlights the importance of structured communication, collaborative practices, and inclusive development opportunities. By valuing scouts’ input and integrating their knowledge into decision-making, clubs can foster a cohesive environment and improve player identification, contributing to long-term success and sustainability.