Exploring the Socio-Economic Drivers of Gender-Based-Violence: A Closer Look at Community Dynamics in Rural Limpopo Province, South Africa

The study explored the socio-economic drivers and dynamics of gender-based violence (GBV) in a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Using a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 participants selected using purposeful sampling. The data was analysed using Tech’s open coding method. Four major themes emerged: (a) Subjugation of genders and power dynamics within the society, (b) Drugs and alcohol abuse as a catalyst of GBV (c) Alcohol-centred socialisation and its consequences on youth well-being and (d) Financial exploitation and economic vulnerability as drivers of GBV. These findings emphasise that GBV is driven by intertwined social, cultural, economic, and systemic factors. Deeply rooted gender norms, societal expectations, and historical trauma from apartheid reinforce power imbalances, perpetuate violence, and foster mistrust of institutions. Substance abuse, particularly alcohol-centred socialisation, emerged as a key catalyst, while cultural beliefs discouraging male vulnerability perpetuate harmful coping strategies and silence victims. Economic dependence and financial exploitation further entrench abuse. The study underscores the need for multi-faceted interventions, including social, cultural, and economic reforms, improved substance regulation, and expanded employment opportunities, particularly for marginalised groups. Effective strategies require collaboration among stakeholders, community programs challenging harmful gender norms, and holistic policies that integrate social, cultural, economic, and systemic approaches. Strengthening responsive and accessible support services can rebuild trust, encourage reporting, and foster resilience. These insights can inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing GBV and promoting equitable and safe communities in rural Limpopo.